Poverty
Poverty continues to be a phenomenal problem throughout the history of Indonesia as a nation state, The history of a country that one look at and take care of poverty. Mismanagement in the country, there is no bigger issue, in addition to the problem of poverty.
Many People said "Poverty has made millions of children cannot be a quality education, health financing difficulties lack of savings and lack of investment, lack of access to public services, lack of jobs, lack of social security and protection of the family, a stronger flow urbanization to the city, and worse, poverty causes millions of people to meet the needs of food, clothing and shelter are limited.
And many people also said poverty, causing villagers willing to sacrifice anything for the sake of safety of life, life safety (James. C. Scott, 1981), risking physicallabor to produce profits for local middlemen and receive wagesthat are not commensurat with the energy costs incurred. Ruralfarm workers work long day, but they n receive very little wage.
Many People said "Poverty has made millions of children cannot be a quality education, health financing difficulties lack of savings and lack of investment, lack of access to public services, lack of jobs, lack of social security and protection of the family, a stronger flow urbanization to the city, and worse, poverty causes millions of people to meet the needs of food, clothing and shelter are limited.
And many people also said poverty, causing villagers willing to sacrifice anything for the sake of safety of life, life safety (James. C. Scott, 1981), risking physicallabor to produce profits for local middlemen and receive wagesthat are not commensurat with the energy costs incurred. Ruralfarm workers work long day, but they n receive very little wage.
Poverty becomes a perfect excuse low Human Development Index(HDI), Indonesia Human Development Index. The overall qualityof Indonesian human relative is still very low, compared with human qualities in other countries in the world.
Based on the Human Development Report 2004 using 2002 data, The rate Human Development Index (HDI) of Indonesia is 0.692. The index numberis a composite of life expectancy at birth of 66.6 years, literacy rates of people aged 15 years and over amounted to 87.9 percent, combined gross enrollment rate for basic education to higher education by 65 percent, and the Domestic Revenue Gross percapita, calculated based on purchasing power parity (purchasing power parity) of U.S. $3,230. Indonesia HDI ranks only 111th out of 177 countries.
When using indirect or reported speech, the form changes. Usually indirect speech is introduced by the verb said, as in I said, Bill said, or they said. Using the verb say
in this tense, indicates that something was said in the past. In these cases, the main verb in the reported sentence is put in the past. If the main verb is already in a past tense, then the tense changes to another past tense; it can almost be seen as moving even further into the past.
in this tense, indicates that something was said in the past. In these cases, the main verb in the reported sentence is put in the past. If the main verb is already in a past tense, then the tense changes to another past tense; it can almost be seen as moving even further into the past.
Verb tense changes also characterize other situations using indirect speech. Note the changes shown in the chart and see the table below for examples. With indirect speech, the use of that is optional.
Direct Speech | Þ | Indirect Speech |
simple present He said, “I go to school every day.” | Þ | simple past He said (that) he went to school every day. |
simple past He said, “I went to school every day.” | Þ | past perfect He said (that) he had gone to school every day. |
simple past He said (that) he went to school every day. | Þ | past perfect He said (that) he had gone to school every day |
present progressive He said, “I am going to school every day.” | Þ | past progressive He said (that) he was going to school every day. |
past progressive He said, “I was going to school every day.” | Þ | perfect progressive He said (that) he had been going to school every day, |
future (will) He said, “I will go to school every day.” | Þ | would + verb name He said (that) he would go to school every day. |
future (going to) He said, “I am going to school every day.” | Þ | present progressive He said (that) he is going to school every day. |
past progressive He said (that) he was going to school every day | ||
Direct Speech | Þ | Indirect Speech |
auxiliary + verb name He said, “Do you go to school every day?” He said, “Where do you go to school?” | Þ | simple past He asked me if I went to school every day.* He asked me where I went to school. |
imperative He said, “Go to school every day.” | Þ | infinitive He said to go to school every day. |
*Note than when a Yes/No question is being asked in direct speech, then a construction with if or whether.
The situation changes if instead of the common said another part of the very to say is used. In that case the verb tenses usually remain the same. Some examples of this situation are given below. is used. If a WH question is being asked, then use the WH to introduce the clause. Also note that with indirect speech, these are examples of embedded questions.
Direct Speech | Þ | Indirect Speech |
simple present + simple present He says, “I go to school every day.” | Þ | simple present + simple present He says (that) he goes to school every day |
present perfect + simple present He has said, “I go to school every day.” | Þ | present perfect + simple present He has said (that) he goes to school every day. |
past progressive + simple past He was saying, “I went to school every day.” | Þ | past progressive + simple past He was saying (that) he went to school every day. |
Þ | past progressive + past perfect He was saying (that) he had gone to school every day. | |
future + simple present He will say, “I go to school every day.” | Þ | future + simple present He will say (that) he goes to school every day. |
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